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CNC, Die Casting or Extrusion?
How Manufacturing Processes Shape Aluminum Liquid Cooling Plates

December 23, 2025

Introduction

When designing aluminum liquid cooling plates for EV and ESS applications, the manufacturing process is never a downstream decision.

In reality, manufacturing processes directly shape geometry, reliability, cost, and long-term risk.
Choosing the wrong process often leads to problems that cannot be fixed later by design optimization alone.

1.CNC Machining: The Safest, but Not Always the Final Solution

CNC machining offers unmatched flexibility and precision.
It is often the safest option for:

  • Prototypes and early-stage development
  • Complex internal flow channels
  • Applications with extremely high sealing requirements

However, CNC machining comes with clear limitations in volume production:

  • High unit cost
  • Long cycle time
  • Limited scalability

For many projects, CNC is an excellent starting point — but rarely the most cost-efficient end solution.

2.Die Casting: Attractive Integration with Hidden Risks

Die casting is often considered for its high integration level and low unit cost at scale.

However, for liquid cooling applications, it introduces critical risks:

  • Internal porosity that affects sealing reliability
  • Difficulty in detecting internal leakage
  • Increased risk during post-machining or welding

In systems where leakage tolerance is close to zero, die casting requires extreme caution.

3.Extrusion: A Robust and Underestimated Solution

Extrusion is frequently overlooked because it limits geometric freedom.
Yet for many ESS and thermal management applications, it offers key advantages:

  • Dense material structure
  • Excellent consistency
  • Very competitive cost for high volumes

When straight flow channels are acceptable, extrusion often delivers the most stable and scalable solution.

4.Manufacturing Defines Design — Not the Other Way Around

A common mistake in early-stage design is prioritizing performance without considering manufacturability.

In real engineering projects:

  • Designs must be manufacturable
  • Sealing surfaces must be reliable
  • Internal structures must be inspectable

A design that cannot be reliably produced and verified is not a valid engineering solution.

Conclusion

There is no universally “best” manufacturing process for aluminum liquid cooling plates.

The right choice depends on balancing:

Understanding these trade-offs early is essential for building reliable cooling solutions for EV and ESS applications.

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